Where? South Africa is the most southern country in Africa, just below Namibia to the top left and Mozambique to the top right and Zimbabwe to the top middle. Madagaskar is also to the right of South Africa if you look from above.
Political situation The political situation is pretty stable at the moment. South Africa is democracy with the main politics parties being the DA (democratic alliance), the ANC (African National Congress) and more smaller parties. South Africa has a general election ever 4 years and the next one to take place is in 2009. Currently the ANC is running the country now but this could change when the elections come.
Issues / Crime Although South Africa is the most beautiful country in the world the recent government has not managed to control crime which are now the highest levels in the world. The most dangerous places in South Africa probably would be Johannesburg and Pretoria. The Western Cape is fairly safer than the Johannesburg / Gauteng regions. Crime is currently a worse problem in South Africa, even worse than the joblessness and lack of fast internet which is caused by Minister of Communications Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri also known as Poison Ivy. This woman is the single biggest issue South Africa faces as the biggest problem to having fast and competitive internet. Why she still is in government shows the lack of knowledge they have to employ capable people to do their jobs. Other things are corruption. Recently the government closed down the country's elite crime fighting unit called the Scorpions, this was a move because most people running the country is part of some corruption scheme and they had personal issues with the Scorpions.The police is also fairly corrupt and police brutality is on the rise in South Africa.
Weather South Africa has some of the best weather in the world, we have the really hot times and then the really cold winters at some places. The coldest areas in the winter is usually inland close to Bethlehem and Bloemfontein as well as the Karoo. South Africa has had some big storms recently which destroyed many roads and businesses in Cape Town, the capital city of the Western Cape also known as the mother city. List of cities and towns in South Africa
In 1910 four selfgoverning British colonies in Southern Africa - The Cape, Natal,
the Orange River Colony and Transvaal - were united into the Union of South Africa,
a semi-independent Dominion part of the British Empire. (1)
Following the Imperial Conference of 1926 the Union became one of the equal members
of the British Empire and in 1931, with the Statute of Westminster, it finally
achieved full sovereignty, while remaining a member of the British Commonwealth.
(1) Dutch style used until 1925 : Unie van Zuid Afrika
Afrikaander style used 1925 - ca 1933 : Unie van Suidafrika
Afrikaander style used since ca 1933 : Unie van Suid-Afrika
From 1925 Dutch was gradually replaced as official language by its South
African variant, Afrikaans.
Unlike Australia or Canada the new Union had no federal structure and the
former colonies were reduced to provinces under direct authority of the
central government.
BOER REVOLTS DURING WWI
In 1914, taking advantage of the outbreak of WWI, some Boers, hoping for
German assistance, revolted in an attempt to restore the ancient independent
republics of the Orange Free State and of Transvaal.
By 1915 the revolts had however been quelled by the South African army.
Overall Leader of the revolt and Leader of the revolt in the Cape
1914 - 1915 Gen. Solomon Gerhardus "Manie" Maritz 1876 - 1940
Leader of the revolt in the Orange Free State
1914 Gen. Christiaan Rudolf De Wet 1854 - 1922
Leader of the revolt in Transvaal
1914 Gen. Christiaan Frederik Beyers 1869 - 1914
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HEADS OF STATE
Kings - Konings
1931 - 1952 The Kings of the United Kingdom (2)
(2) Although the Union was mentionned by name in the oath used at the coronation
of King George VI in 1936, no separate style was used during the period
1931 - 1945.
Governors General - Goewerneurs Generaal
(also High Commissioners in and for South Africa until 1931)
1910 - 1914 Herbert John Gladstone, Viscount Gladstone 1854 - 1930
1914 - 1920 Sydney Charles Buxton, Viscount Buxton
of Newtimber 1853 - 1934
1920 - 1923 Prince Arthur Frederick Patrick
Albert of Connaught 1883 - 1938
Acting for Prince Arthur
1920 Sir James Rose-Innes 1855 - 1942
1923 - 1924 Sir James Rose-Innes* s.a.
1924 - 1931 Augustus Alexander George Cambridge,
Earl of Athlone 1874 - 1957
Acting for the Earl of Athlone
1930 - 1931 Jacob de Villiers 1868 - 1932
1931 - 1937 George Herbert Hyde Villiers, Earl of
Clarendon, last Governor General to be
High Commissioner in 1931 1877 - 1955
1937 - 1943 Sir Patrick Duncan 1870 - 1943
1943 - 1945 Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet* 1873 - 1960
__________________________________________________________________________________
MINISTERS
Defence Home Affairs Native Affairs Justice
Financial Affairs Economic and Social Affairs Cuktural Affairs Without Portfolio
Prime Ministers and (since 1927) Ministers of Foreign Affairs - Eerste Ministers en
Ministers van Buitelandse Sake
1910 - 1919 Gen. Louis Botha 1862 - 1919
1919 - 1924 Gen. Jan Christian Smuts 1870 - 1950
1924 - 1939 Gen. James Barry Munnik Hertzog 1866 - 1942
1939 - 1948 Gen. Jan Christian Smuts (2x)
Ministers of Defence - Ministers van Verdediging
1910 - 1912 The Minister of Home Affairs s.b.
Acting Under Secretary in charge of Defence Affairs - Waarnemende
Ondersekretaris belas met Verdedigingsaangeleenthede
1910 - 1912 Henry Roland Murray Bourne
1912 - 1919 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts s.a.
1919 - 1924 Col. Hendrik Mentz 1877 - 1938
1924 - 1933 Col. Frederic Hugh Page Creswell 1866 - 1948
1933 - 1939 Oswald Pirow 1890 - 1959
1939 - 1948 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts (2x)
Ministers of Home Affairs - Ministers van Binnelandse Sake
1910 - 1912 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts, also in
charge of Defence s.a.
1912 - 1913 Abraham Fischer 1850 - 1913
1913 - 191. Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts* (2x)
191. - 1921 Sir Thomas Watt 1857 - 1947
1921 - 1924 Patrick Duncan s.a.
1924 - 1933 Daniel François Malan 1874 - 1959
1933 - 1936 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer 1894 - 1948
1936 - 1939 Richard Stuttaford 1870 - 1945
1939 - 1943 Harry Gordon Lawrence 1901 - 1973 -
1943 - 1948 Charles Francis Clarkson 1881 - 1959
Ministers of Native Affairs - Ministers van Naturellen Sake
1910 - 1912 Henry Burton 1866 - 1935
1912 Gen. James Barry Munnik Hertzog s.a.
1912 - 1913 Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer 1850 - 1913
1913 - 1919 Gen. Louis Botha s.a.
1919 - 1924 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts s.a.
1924 - 1929 Gen. James Barry Munnik Hertzog (2x)
1939 - 1933 Ernest George Jansen 1881 - 1959
1933 - 1938 Pieter Gert Wessel Grobler 1872 - 1942
1938 - 1939 Henry Allan Fagan 1889 - 1963
1939 - 1943 Deneys Reitz 1882 - 1944
1943 - 1948 Pieter Voltelyn Graham van der Byl 1899 -
Ministers of Justice - Ministers van Justisie
1910 - 1912 Gen. James Barry Munnik Hertzog s.a.
1913 - 1913 Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer s.a.
1913 - 1924 Nicolaas Jacobus de Wet s.a.
1924 - 1929 Tielman Johannes de Villiers Roos 1879 - 1935
1929 - 1933 Oswald Pirow s.a.
1933 - 1939 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts s.a.
1939 - 1945 Colin Fraser Steyn 1887 - 1959
Ministers of Finances - Ministers van Finansies
1910 - 1912 Henry Charles Hull 1866 - 1942
1912 - 1915 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts s.a.
1915 - 1916 Sir David Pieter de Villiers Graaff 1859 - 1931
1916 - 1917 Henry Burton s.a.
1917 - 1920 Thomas Orr 1857 - 1937
1920 - 1924 Henry Burton (2x)
1924 - 1939 Nicolaas Christiaan Havenga 1882 - 1957
1939 - 1948 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer s.a.
Ministers of Economic and Social Affairs
Lands, Agriculture, etc Commerce, Mines, etc Public Works and Communications Social Affairs
Ministers of Lands, Agriculture, etc
Ministers of Lands - Ministers van Grondsake
1910 - 1913 Abraham Fiscer s.a.
1913 - 1915 Hendrik Schalk Theron 1869 - 1922
1916 - 1920 Gen. Hendrik Mentz s.a.
1921 - 1924 Deneys Reitz s.a.
1924 - 1933 Peter Geert Wessel Grobler s.a.
1933 - 1935 Deneys Reitz (2x)
1935 - 1939 Jan Christoffel Greyling Kemp 1872 - 1946
1939 - 1948 Andrew Meintjes Cobnroy 1877 - 1951
Minister of Irrigation - Minister van Irrigasie
1928 - 1933 Ernest George Jansen s.a.
Ministers of Agriculture and Forestry
Minister of Agriculture - Ministers van Landbou
1910 - 1912 Louis Botha s.a.
1912 Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer 1850 - 1913
1912 - 1913 Louis Botha (2x)
1913 - 1920 Hendrik Christiaan van Heerden 1862 -
1920 - 1921 François Srephanus Malan 1871 - 1941
1921 - 1924 Sir Arthur Francis Thomas William Smartt 1858 - 1929
1924 - 1934 Jan Christoffel Greyling Kemp s.a.
Ministers of Agriculture and Forestry - Ministers van Landbou en Bosbou
1934 - 1935 Jan Christoffel Greyling Kemp s.a.
1935 - 1938 Deneys Reitz s.a.
1937 - 1944 William Richard Collins 1876 - 1944
1944 - 1948 Jacobus Gideon Nel Strauss 1900 -
Ministers of Commerce, Mines, etc
Ministers of Commerce and Industry - Ministers van Handel en Industrie
1910 - 1911 Sir Frederick Robert Moore 1853 - 1927
1911 - 1912 Sir George Leuchars 1858 - 1924
Ministers of Mines - Ministers van Mynbou
1910 - 1912 Gen. Jan Christiaan Smuts s.a.
1912 François Stephanus Malan s.a.
1912 : Ministry reorganied and renamed
Minisrers of Mines and Industry - Ministers van Mynbou en Industrie
1912 - 1924 Frannçois Stephanus Malan s.a.
1924 - 1929 Fredrik William Beyers 1867 - 1938
1929 - 1933 Adriaan Paulus Johannes Fourie 1882 - 1941
1933 : Ministry divided :
- Ministry of Commerce and Industr, later renamed Economic Development,
- Ministry of Mines
Ministers of Commerce, Industry and Economic Develoment
Ministers of Commerce and Industry - Ministers van Handel en Industrie
1933 - 1938 Adriaan Paulus Johannes Fourie s.a.
1938 - 1939 Oswald Pirow s.a.
1939 - 1941 Ricahrd Stuttaford
1941 - 1944 Sidney Frank Waterson 1896 - 1976
Minister of Economic Development - Minister van Ekonomiese Ontwikkeling
1944 - 1948 Sidney Frank Waterson s.a.
Ministers of Mines - Ministers van Mynbou
1933 - 1936 Patrick Duncan s.a.
1936 - 1938 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer
1939 Gen. Jan Christian Smuts s.a.
1938 - 1939 Deneys Reitz s.a.
1939 - 1945 Charles Frampton Stallard 1871 - 1971
Ministers of Public Works and Communications
Ministers of Public Works - Ministers van Openbare Werke
1910 - 1912 Sir David Pieter de Villiers Graaff 1859 - 1931
1912 - 1920 Sir Thpmas Watt s.a.
1920 - 1921 Sir Jacobus Arnoldus Combrinck Graaff
1921 - 1924 Sir Thomas Watt (2x)
1924 - 1925 Thomas Boydell 1882 - 1966
1925 - 1928 Walter Bayley Madeley 1873 - 1947
1928 - 1933 Henry William Sampson 1872 - 1938
1933 - 1945 Charles Francis Clarkson s.a.
Ministers of Railways, Harbours, Transport
Ministers of Railways and Harbors - Ministers van Spoorwege en Hawe
1910 - 1912 Jacobus Wilhelmus Sauer s.a.
1912 - 1921 Henry Burton s.a.
1921 - 1924 John William Jagger 1859 - 1930
1924 - 1933 Charles Wynazd Marias Malan 1883 - 1933
1933 - 1938 Oswald Pirow s.a.
1928 - 1939 Adriaan Paulus Johannas Fourie s.a.
1939 - 1944 Frederick Claud Starrock 1882 - 1958
Minister of Transport - Minister van Transport
1911 - 1948 Frederick Claud Starrock s.a.
Ministers of Posts and Telegraphs - Ministers van Pos en Telegrafie
1910 - 1912 Sir David Pieter de Villiers Graaff s.a.
1912 Sir George Leuchars s.a.
1912 - 1915 Sir Thomas Watt s.a.
1916 - 1919 Sir Johannes Hendricus Meiring Beck 1855 - 1919
1919 - 1920 Thomas Orr
1920 - 1921 Sir Jacobus Arnoldus Comrinck Graaff 1863 - 1927
1921 - 1924 Sir Thomas Watt (2x)
1924 - 1925 Thomas Boydell s.a.
1925 - 1928 Walter Bayley Madeley s.a.
1928 - 1933 Henry William Sampson s.a.
1933 - 1945 Charles Francis Clarkson s.a.
Ministers of Social Affairs
Ministers of Labour and Social Welfare - Ministers van Arbeid en Sosiale Welvaart
Ministers of Labour - Ministers van Arbeid
1924 - 1925 Col. Frederic Hugn Page Creswell s.a.
1925 - 1929 Thomas Boydell s.a.
1929 - 1933 Col. Frederic Hugh Page Creswell (2x)
1924 - 1925 Adriaan Paukus Johannes Fourie s.a.
Ministers of Labour and Social Welfare - Ministers van Arbeid en Sosiale Welvaart
1935 - 1936 Adriaan Paukus Johannes Fourie s.a.
1936 - 1937 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer s.a.
1937 : Ministry divided
Minister of Labour - Ministers van Arbied
1937 - 1938 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer s.a.
1938 - 1939 Harry Gordon Lawrence s.a.
1939 - 1945 Walter Bayley Madeley s.a.
Minister of Social Welfare - Ministers van Sosiale Welvaart
1937 - 1938 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer s.a.
1938 - 1939 Henry Allan Fagant 1889 - 1963
1939 - 1943 Walter Bayley Madeley s.a.
1943 - 1944 Harry Gordon Lawrence s.a.
Ministers of Public Health - Ministers van Openbare Gesondheid
1919 - 1921 Sir Thomas Watt s.a.
1921 - 1924 Patrick Duncan s.a.
1924 - 1933 Daniel François Malan s.a.
1933 - 1936 Jan Frederik Henrik Hofmeyer s.a.
1936 - 1939 Richard Stuttaford s.a.
1939 - 1944 Harry Gordon Lawrence s.a.
1944 : Ministries of Social Welfare and Public Health merged into the Ministry of
Welfare and Demobilisaton
Minister of Welfare and Demobilisation - Minister van Welvaart en Demobilisasie
1944 - 1945 Harry Gordon Lawrence s.a.
Ministers of Cultural Affairs
Ministers of Education - Ministers van Onderwys
1910 - 1921 François Stephanus Malan s.a.
1921 - 1924 Patrick Duncan s.a.
1924 - 1933 Daniel François Malan s.a.
1933 - 1938 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer s.a.
1938 - 1939 Henry Allan Fagant s.a.
1939 - 1948 Jan Frederik Hendrik Hofmeyer (2x)
Ministers without Portfolio - Ministers sonder Portefeulje
1910 - 1911 Charles O'Grady Gubbins 18.. - 1911
1911 - 1913 none
1913 Sir David Pieter de Villiers Graaf s.a.
1913 - 1920 Sir Jacobus Arnoldus Combrick Graaf s.a.
1920 - 1933 none
1933 - 1936 Richard Stuttaford s.a.
1936 - 1938 Frederick Claud Starrock s.a.
1938 - 1939 Robert Hugh Henderson
1939 - 1943 Pieter Voltelyn Graham van der Byl s.a.
__________________________________________________________________________________
MILITARY LEADERS
The South African Army (Union Defence Force - Unieverdedigingsmag) was established
in 1912 by the merger of the volunteer forces of the 4 former colonies. (3)
Staff Officer for General Staff Duties - Stafoffisier vir Generale Stafpligte
1912 - 1915 Col. John Johnston Collyer 1870 - 1941
Chief Staff Officer of the General Staff - Hoofstafoffisier Generale Staf
1915 - 1917 BrigGen. John Johnston Collyer s.a.
Chiefs of the General Staff - Hoofde van die Generale Staf
1917 - 1920 BrigGen. John Johnston Collyer s.a.
1920 - 1933 MajGen. Andries Jacob Eksteen Brink 1877 - 1947
1933 - 1949 Gen. Sir Pierre Helperus Andries van
Ryneveld 1891 - 1972
(3) Until 1912 the defence of the 4 colonies was entrusted to :
- British troops, which were gradually withdrawn between 1907 and 1921,
- the already mentioned volunteer forces existing in the colonies.
A unified command for all these forces was established on several
occasions, the lats time in 1899 at the outbreak of the 2nd Boer War.
British Commanders-in-Chief in South Africa 1899 - 1912.
1899 Gen. Sir Redvers Henry Buller 1839 - 1908
1899 - 1900 FieldMarsh. Sir Frederick Sleigh
Roberts, Baron Roberts of Kandahar
in Afghanistan and of the City of
Waterford 1832 - 1914
1900 - 1902 Gen. Horatio Herbert Kitchener,
Baron Kitchener of Khartoum and of
Aspall in the County of Suffolk 1850 - 1916
1902 - 1904 Gen. Sir Neville Gerald Lyttelton 1845 – 1931
1904 - 1908 Gen. Henry John Thoroton Hildyard
1908 - 1912 Gen. Paul Sanford Methuen, Baron
Methuen 1845 - 1932
__________________________________________________________________________________
PARTY LEADERS
LEADERS OF THE ANC
The South African Native National Congress (SANNC) was founded in 1912 to organize
the protest against the introduction of the Natives' Land Act - which relocated the
vast majority of the Blacks into Reserves - and more generally against the exclusion
of Blacks from power in the new Union of South Africa.
The SANNC was renamed African National Congress (ANC) in 1923.
Presidents
1912 - 1917 John Langalibalele Dube 1871 - 1946
1917 - 1924 Sefako Mapogo Makgatho 1861 - 1951
1924 - 1927 Zacharias Richard Mahabane 1881 - 1970
1927 - 1930 Josiah Tshangana Gumede 1870 - 1947
1930 - 1936 Pixley ka Isaka Seme 1882 - 1951
1937 - 1940 Zacharias Richard Mahabane (2x)
1940 - 1949 Alfred Bitini Xuma 1890 - 1962
Secretaries General
1912 - 1917 Solomon "Sol" Tshekisho Plaatje 1876 - 1932
Acting during the journey of Plaatje to the UK
1915 - 1917 Richard Victor Selope Thema 1886 - 1955
1917 - 1919 H. L. Bud M'belle
1919 - 1923 Saul Msane
1923 - 1927 T. D. Mweli Skota
1927 - 1930 E. J. Khaile
1930 - 1936 E. Mdolomba
1936 - 1949 James Arthur Calata 1895 - 1983
SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH COMMISSION
The High Commission in Southern Africa was established in 1847. It was in charge of
the relations between the British government and all South African territories and
peoples not under direct Britsih control, meaning all regions outside the British
colonies of the Cape and Natal. In practice this were at some point :
- the Boer states (the Orange Free State, the South African Republic, ...),
- the Black nations and states (Basotho, Bechuana, Pondo, Zulu, etc),
- the Griqua chiefdoms,
- the territories of the British South Africa Company (BSAC),
(+ the German and Portuguese possessions in Southern Africa until 19..)
As British rule expanded, its jurisdiction area was gradually reduced, and after
the transfer of the BSAC territories to direct British administration in 1923, the
only territories remaining under its control were :
- the three protectorates of Basutoland, Bechuanaland and Swaziland,
- the autonomous British colony of South Rhodesia, but only as far as its policy
towards its Black majority was concerned.
This supervision over South Rhodesian affairs ended in 1937 and thereafter only the
three protectorates remeinded under the High Commission.
HIGH COMMISSION FOR SOUTH EAST AFRICA
In the troubled years 1879 - 1881 - the period of the Zulu War, of the occupation
of the South African Republic, etc - there existed for some time a separate High
Commission for South East Africa, which covered :
- Natal and Zululand
- Transvaal (South African Republic)
- Griqualand West (since 1880)
High Commissioners
1879 - 1880 LtGen. Sir Garnet Joseph Wolseley 1833 - 1913
1880 - 1881 MajGen. Sir George Pomeroy Colley 1835 - 1881
After the death of Pommeroy Colley the separate High Commission ended and its area
was returned to the South African High Commission.
__________________________________________________________________________________
CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
High Commissioners
(until 1878 : High Commissioners in South Africa, thereafter : High Commissioner
in and for South Africa)
1847 - 1901 The Governors of the Cape Colony
1901 - 1905 Andrew Milner, Viscount Milner, Governor
of the Transvaal and of the Orange River
Colony 1854 - 1925
1905 - 1910 William Waldegrave Palmer, Earl of Selborne,
Governor of Transvaal and Governor of the
Orange River Colony (until 1907) 1859 – 1942
1910 - 1931 The Governors General of South Africa s.a.
1931 - 1933 Sir Herbert James Stanley 1872 - 1955
1933 Edward Evans*
1933 - 1935 Sir Herbert James Stanley (2x)
1935 - 1940 Sir William Henry Clark 1876 - 1952
1940 - 1941 Sir Walter Clarence Huggard* 1883 - 1957
1941 - 1944 William George Arthur Ormsby-Gore, Baron
Harlech 1885 - 1964
1944 Harold Eddey Priestman* 1888 - 1956
1944 Sir Walter Clarence Huggard (2x)
1944 - 1951 Sir Charles Evelyn Baring 1903 - 1973
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